Dna And Dna Is Responsible For Containing Genetic...

Leah Jaron LAIS 370 Professor Miller 24 April 2014 Rosalind Franklin and DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA, is the molecule that is responsible for containing genetic information in living organisms and viruses. As Olby concisely describes, DNA was first discovered by Fritz Miescher, who found a substance in the nucleus of a cell that he named â€Å"nuclein† in 1869 (xix). From there, in 1919, Phoebus Levene researched this substance, and discovered that nucleins were more accurately described by the term, nucleic acids. Levene also discovered that DNA contains nucleobases- adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine- as well as a phosphate group and deoxyribose. Levene thought that these bases had a fixed order (77). Then, in 1927, Nikolai Koltsov proposed the function of DNA- that it contains inherited traits and can duplicate because it has two main backbones, one of which is used as a template for this duplication (117). The next step in understanding this new particle was to figure out its structure. William Astbury was the f irst to produce x-ray diffraction images of DNA and proposed a structure of DNA, where the base was a spring-like shape that contained the nucleobases in the loops (66). In the early 1950s, Pauling and Corey proposed a triple-stranded DNA structure, and Fraser proposed a triple helix structure. James Watson and Francis Crick, the two scientists known for discovering the double helix structure of DNA, first met in 1951 at the Cavendish Laboratory ofShow MoreRelatedGenetic Modification of Food Essay3178 Words   |  13 PagesBACKGROUND INFORMATION To begin, a brief distinction among the terms â€Å"genetically engineered,† â€Å"genetically modified organism,† and â€Å"genetically modified food† will be made. Quite frequently, these terms are used interchangeably despite having different meanings. 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GMOs can be made using four steps; using viruses/ bacteria to infect animal/ plant cell with new DNA, coating DNA into tiny metal pellets and firing the m into the cells, injecting the DNA into tiny fertilized eggs with a needle, and usingRead MoreEssay A Brief Discussion of Genetic Diseases2240 Words   |  9 Pages Since the discovery in 1928 via the Griffith experiment (an experiment dealing with bacterial transformation) that DNA carried genetic information, many important discoveries have been made regarding the human genome and its extent in the determination of phenotypic traits. Not least of these is the discovery and study of genetic disorders, or diseases caused by abnormalities within the genes. Disorders of this nature can be ca used by a variety of factors. 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1-800 by Logic free essay sample

First of all , the genres are Pop rap, Conscious rap, and East Coast hip hop rap . This song is tremendously impactful , he touches on a subject , suicide , that many people are sensitive about . Everything related to someone wanting to harm themselves such as , mental health, anxiety,depression, racism, discrimination , and domestic assault. What intrigues someone to listen more is definitely the first hook and verse which is in the perspective of someone calling the suicide hotline. It is well executed and as you get deeper into the song , you may notice how the hook changes, this is because he changes perspectives. He now uses it from the operators point of view who is trying to help someone wanting to die. The song is a bit dark but it was something that needed to be covered, I definitely recommend this song. If you know someone struggling , recommend this song. It could save a life. We will write a custom essay sample on 1-800 by Logic or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Logic truly wrote a masterpiece, everything from incorporating Alessia Cara and Khalid , to the lyrics , and 25th chorus. Just the way this song is put together is truly special. This song should definitely be at the top of the charts . I give this work of art a 10 out of 10.

Gwen Harwood free essay sample

All the news we hear, whether it’s on television, in class or even a conversation will always have conflicting and different beliefs, theories and responses. For example last night my husband and I were watching the premier of â€Å"Angry Boys† a mockumentary by Chris Lilley. He described the series to be a comment on what it means to be a boy in the 21st century by putting representations of the male of the species under the microscope. To me the program sounded intellectual when in fact it consisted of a variety of comedic representations ranging from the racist â€Å"Gran†, a juvenile prison officer to Nathan and Daniel† identical twins (one of whom is deaf). As we sat on the lounge watching the program our laughter peeled from the room in tandem to each other; we didn’t agree on what was or wasn’t humorous. Chris Lilley obviously wants characters within the scene to be perceived as humorous and from last night I can now appreciate that not everyone will have the same response to a text. We will write a custom essay sample on Gwen Harwood or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page We all react in our own unique way bringing our various life experiences to the piece. A composer’s intent for a text often differs from the audience’s response. Another example of differing responses to texts is offered in Gwen Harwood’s poem, â€Å"At Mornington†. While I perceive the poem to be one that reflects on her youth and reminisces on the wonderful memories she shared with her family and the feeling of protection and safety gained from them, others may read it differently. For example a colleague of mine proposed the idea that Harwood was now an older women, depressed and trying to find or remember a time in her life when she was in fact happy, that she is trying to escape the inevitability of death by escaping to her youth. Either way her poems offer the responder a variety of readings, which, I think, offer her work an integrity that is not eroded by time. Gwen Harwood was an Australian poet who wrote most of her poetry between the 1950’s and 1960’s. During this era, Australia was entering a time of change. The women’s liberation had spread, and the traditional, stereotypical ideals of what it means to be a woman, wife, mother etc. were beginning to be challenged. Through Harwood’s poetry â€Å"At Mornington† and â€Å"Father and Child† we are able to see Harwood’s values and attitudes she obtained. â€Å"Father and Child† reflects some of Harwood’s feminist ideas that in her personal context challenged existing values, such as men overriding women. The fact that the persona disobeyed her father by stealing his gun to perform such a selfish and horrific act to an â€Å"innocent owl† alone challenges the ideals of the innocence of young women. This era was currently familiar to the values and religious views Harwood shared. The poem â€Å" At Mornington† reflects how much religion was apart of her life. The biblical allusion of â€Å"Peter walking on water† compared to her naive belief as a child that you could â€Å"balance† on water. It mostly focuses on the motif of water, with the cleansing process of Baptism, implying and emphasizing the importance and greatness of God. This idea coincides with that of her context. The idea and importance of family is most likely never going to differ in any context. In both poems â€Å"At Mornington† and â€Å"Father and child†, the importance of family to her is highly valued. Both explore and share memories of her youth, with her family, and both also suggest some form of regret and send a disguised message of how important it is to appreciate what you have. A friend of mine is a psychoanalyst and as such values the role dreams play in our lives and as a result her reading of the poem â€Å"At Mornington† (and if you have read other poems by Harwood you will notice it is similar to her others) offers an invitation into a deeper meaning, and conversely for me the meaning was enclosed within the contextual understanding of her references to pumpkins and Halloween as metaphors for life. The persona often shifts to the past focusing on her joyful childhood memories. The fact that she does this creates the idea that she may have regrets now and wishes she could return to the innocence and safety of her youth. Given that Halloween is perceived as the celebration of lost souls, those awaiting their rite of passage of heaven, her references to this time of year for me are seen to serve a greater purpose then I originally recognized. I see now that she may have been religious or spiritual woman as she discusses the idea that souls â€Å"linger† or are eternal. Her references to Halloween I perceive as symbolic of the transformation between life and death, as emphasised in â€Å"avenues of death† and the situational context of the graveyard. I now see Harwood as comparing herself to the lost souls of Halloween finding herself in a transitional state in her life where she is confronted with the in inevitability of death yet buoyed by memories of childhood innocence. The Halloween reference gaining further currency as it also becomes evident of the beginning of autumn. Autumn itself if associated with Halloween nationally. Autumn has often been thought as melancholy as people become lethargic with the conclusion of summer and the creeping up of winter. This can be symbolic of Harwood’s aging and incapability to put a stop to time. The repetition of the water motif is seen as a metaphor of her life as a child, suggesting that she was free and pure. It is also one of Harwood’s focuses as it shows her fear for the progression of time, another constant theme throughout her poetry. â€Å"At Mornington† recounts on Harwood’s memories of childhood. It illustrates a strong sense of family and the innocence and purity of her youth. The imagery of this is when she â€Å"leapt† and â€Å"was caught† by a wave and â€Å"tossed around like a doll†. The fact that she is a child, and the naive belief that she has the ability to â€Å"walk on water† highlights that she believed she was indestructible. I then explores the power of memory, whilst continuing with the motif of water. This water imagery is passed throughout the poem as the land â€Å"arose out of earth’s seamless waters†. She describes her father’s rich smile as â€Å" as light in a sea-wet shell† signifying she respected and admired him. The sudden contrast of the memory of childhood shifts to the entrance of â€Å"quick of autumn grasses† symbolizing the reality of age creeping up to you and our eventual death. The persona is accepting the reality of death with the passage; â€Å"two friends stand respectively and at peace among the avenues of death†. The use of present tense establishes the present context. Autumn is the season of decline and reinforces the passage of time and again their approaching death. The cemetery they are in is comforting with the gravestones â€Å"parting the quick of autumn grasses†. This idea is increased again by the reference to the â€Å"wholeness of day† that they must share together. This idea is finally reinforced with the reference to floods, signifying our memories flooding toward us. The following stanza is centralized around the metaphor of a pumpkin vine, being a â€Å"parable† of herself, relating to her own journey of seeking a deeper understanding. Imagery of intense growth of the vines are contrasted against death and mourning. The persona discovers a link between herself and the pumpkin, as she remembers (in her childhood) pumpkins that grew â€Å"above their humble station† and flourished. Su Langker, a English teacher from Sydney Boys High School, states the poem to be â€Å" the past and present intertwining† † the pumpkins growing in defiance of nature, mirroring that child leaping into her fathers arms†.

10 Facts for a Research Paper on the History of the Middle East

10 Facts for a Research Paper on the History of the Middle East Welcome to our first guide that will help you write a research paper on the history of the Middle East. We have written three helpful guides, each serving a different purpose.   Studying these three guides would help you understand history and compose a competent research paper on the Middle Eastern history so that you can score good marks. This guide is segmented into three parts. Our first guide, 10 Facts for a Research Paper on the History of the Middle East, draws a clearer picture of the past events and incidents that took place in the Middle East. References are also mentioned at the bottom of this guide so that you can verify these facts or collect more information. Our second guide, 20 history of the Middle East research paper topics, helps you in determining a relevant topic for the research. All the topics mentioned in the guide are known to have played an important role in the making of Middle Easts history. We have also written a short sample essay for you to understand and grasp the techniques which are necessary to write a good research paper. Our third and final guide, How to Write a Good Research Paper on a History of the Middle East, explains the methodologies and procedures that will help you write a proper research paper. It also contains some helpful tips and steps that you should follow. A good research paper is the one that is resourceful and has a lot of facts and research data to support the statements that you make. A research paper has to be research oriented and allow readers to find something new about a particular topic. We have selected all our facts keeping this in mind, and they are easily expandable allowing you to come up with some unique essays that will help you impress your professor. Without wasting any more time, let us begin our first guide: In the beginning, â€Å"Middle East† was confined to Iran only, but Sir Valentine’s work in the book â€Å"The Middle Eastern Question† extended its territory. He expanded on the definition of Middle East and suggested to include other Asian regions as well, particularly regions that bordered with India. As a result, other countries including Iraq, Persia, Afghanistan and the Eastern Coast of Arabia along with Tibet also became a part of Middle East. Alfred Thayer Mahan coined the term ‘Middle East’ in 1902 for the first time. The term was published in an article called The Persian Gulf and International Relations. However, the name didn’t catch up until Sir Valentine Ignatius used it in his writing. Before it, the region was also known as the Near East, which many believe is also the source of the region’s current name. Unlike North America or Europe, Middle East didn’t have a rich environment. Water was scarce, and there was a lack of natural resources as well. However, it was in 1908 that a British company found oil in the region, which is now a part of Iran and was back then known as Persia. This first exploration gave rise to many other explorations, and the region quickly turned out to be a mine of natural resources, mainly oil. A significant number of religions took birth in the Middle East, with Islam being the most known and powerful one. Islam began to spread from the Middle East and is now one of the most followed religions in the world. Other than this, some small religions like Judaism, Christianity, Bahà ­ Faith, Yarsanism, Yazidism, Zoroastrianism, Mandaeism, Druze, and Shabakism are also believed to have originated from the Middle East. Christianity played a vital role in the first century in the Middle East. The largest Christian group in the Middle East is the Arabic-speaking Copts. It ranges approximately from 6 to 11 million people. Lebanon is known to contain the highest ratio of Christians till date, ranging from 39% to 40.5% of the total population. The region has seen several wars, especially wars in the 16th century between Safavids and Ottomans. This was when the Ottoman empire was getting weak, and they were driven out of Hungary, and the British were in control of a part of the Middle Eastern region. Some parts of Middle East were also under the control of French and Italians, and it wasn’t until the 1920s that an independence wave started. During the era of Achaemenid tradition, a spiritual prophet of Ancient Iran invited people to transform into the religion he inherited, Zoroastrianism. He educated the people of Middle East about the presence of an incomparable divinity, Ahura Mazda. Mazda was promoted as the light, and his opponent was Ahriman, the darkness. People were educated about the same and allowed to pick sides. Palestine, one of the most sacred places for Muslims in the Middle East, has been at war for the most part of the history. This Muslim majority region was ruled by Jews until a revolution started in the 1920s, which resulted in several wars throughout the area. World War II changed the shape of the Middle East. On one side countries like Turkey and Saudi Arabia remained unaffected, and in other new countries came into being or got independence. These include Iraq, Lebanon, Syria, Jordan Cyprus, Egypt and Israel. History has shaped the region well, which is now rich in minerals, especially oil. The US is said to have good control over oil found in the Middle East, which is also considered a war-torn area with instability in Syria, Lebanon, Palestine and Iraq. These were the 10 facts that we penned down for you from strong, reliable sources with references mentioned below. You can use the references to do some more research on these topics to create a compelling essay. Make sure to read our other guides as well before you get down to writing an article, as it is important to know the ins and outs of essay or research paper writing if you really wish to impress your teachers. References: Sahar el-Nadi (2012) Middle East of What? The European Magazine  theeuropean-magazine.com/sahar-el-nadi2/6181-the-long-history-of-a-label Gerard Russell (2014), Heirs to Forgotten Kingdoms: Journeys Into the Disappearing Religions of the Middle East.  https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=i6L1AwAAQBAJprintsec=frontcoverdq=Heirs+to+Forgotten+Kingdoms:+Journeys+Into+the+Disappearing+Religions+of+the+Middle+East+pdfhl=ensa=Xved=0ahUKEwjE_-mSzIzSAhWCBBoKHSRSADIQ6AEIHzAB#v=onepageqf=false Karl E. Meyer, Editorial Notebook; How the Middle East Was Invented By Ny times. Arthur Goldschmidt, Jr (1979), A Concise History of the Middle East.  http://islamicblessings.com/upload/A-Concise-History-of-the-Middle-East-9th-Edition.pdf Anthony Ham (2006), Lonely Planet Publications, The Middle East.  http://media.lonelyplanet.com/shop/pdfs/middle-east-8-contents.pdf.pdf Robert Irwin (2010), Reaktion Books, Camel. Countries Hosting The Largest Numbers Of Refugees In The World (2015), worldatlas.com/articles/countries-hosting-the-largest-number-of-refugees-in-the-world.html

The best of intentions Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The best of intentions - Case Study Example If Cynthia offers the job to Steve, the company has a very high chance of losing their customers and if this happens, then it means they will all be out of work. This is a dilemma as Steve is the most qualified candidate and can take their company to the next level but he also prevents the growth of the company in that region where discrimination is still high. Letting him go is the best decision for everyone. If Steve is hired, it means that he cannot carry out his job to avoid losing the customers which simply impedes his growth in the company and the end result either way will be to let him go. It is better to not hire him and give him false hopes but simply let him find a better place without discrimination where he can exercise his potential. I would not take the job for the simple reason that I would be a hidden employee who is not at liberty to meet the customers whom I am supposed to work with. I would not want to be an invisible employee because invisible employees have no room for growth. Growth in nay organization requires being on the limelight showcasing one’s work but since appearing in the limelight will drive away the white customers, and then it is better not to take the job than have regrets years later. Steve should look at his goals and what he wants to achieve in the next several years. If he wants to expand his career and develop, or if he has big dreams for his future, then he should not take the job as the dream and goals will not be achieved. The parties need to sit down and draw of plan on how best Steve can be fruitful to the company while at the same time not anger and drive away their customers if they are to remain in business. The will need to find the best position for Steve in the company, one which will not hinder his development and impede his future growth while still providing his best skills and abilities to the

Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 19

Summary - Essay Example In the process of describing his â€Å"coming of age† experiences, he makes a persuasive case for not depriving our children of comics and stories that have an element of violence embedded in them. The article is certainly worth the effort of reading and it did indeed take me back a few years to my own growing up experiences. While one may agree or disagree with the author’s contentions, he certainly provides background research and additional sources to buttress his claims. The larger point that he is trying to convey is that in this age of hyper competition and a world that is essentially ruthless and violent, exposing kids to the real world should be done sooner rather than later. Instead of the teens realizing that the world is not all â€Å"Milk and Honey† through a painful process of coming to terms with the realities, it is better to let them have an inkling of what is in store for them when they become adults by letting them soak in Marvel comics and stories of superheroes that depict the world in Eastman color by their allusions of good vs. evil parables, their stories of exploits of courage and altruism along with patriotism. In conclusion, Jones’ makes valid points though as in real life, the choice as to whether one agrees with him or not, rests with

Involvement in the Vietnam War Essay Example for Free

Involvement in the Vietnam War Essay In 1954, the Geneva agreement ended the fighting and declared Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam independent countries. The agreement also split Vietnam into two countries; communists governed North Vietnam and South Vietnam became a democratic country. North Vietnam reneged and the communists tried to take over South Vietnam, so the American military fought the communists in a battle that became known as the Vietnam War (Barr, 2005). The Hmong in Laos experienced tragic, long-term consequences for their wartime allegiance with the United States by secretly fighting in the Vietnam War. At the beginning of the Vietnam War, Laos was an officially neutral country (Mote, 2004). Freedom is important to the Hmong. The word Hmong means â€Å"free man† (Murphy, 1997). However, the Vietnam War spread to Laos when communist leaders decided to use Laos as a route to deliver supplies to their troops fighting in South Vietnam. Fearful that a communist victory in South Vietnam would eventually lead to communist victories throughout Southeast Asia, the United States Department of Defense, State Department, and Central Intelligence Agency â€Å"secretly created and administered a billion-dollar military aid program to Laos. (Castle, 1993). The U. S. military recruited and trained Hmong men and boys who wanted to protect their freedom from the communists. Tens of thousands of Hmong soldiers fought alongside U. S. soldiers to stop the communist’s troops and supplies from reaching South Vietnam. In 1975, the United States lost the Vietnam War and withdrew its soldiers from Vietnam and Laos, leaving behind the secret army of Hmong soldiers (Barr, 2005). Immediately, communists took control of South Vietnam and Laos, and declared war against the Hmong in Laos. Without the protection of American soldiers, Hmong soldiers and their families were hunted down and killed by communist soldiers. From 1975 until 1990, hundreds of thousands of Hmong fled Laos (Barr, 2005) to resettle in Thailand refugee camps. The United States promised to â€Å"find a new place† (Mote, 2004) for Hmong people, if the war against communism was lost. The United States had an agreement with Thailand, a democratic country, to provide safety and refugee camps. For several years, Hmong families struggled to survive in refugee camps until they received official permission from the United States to resettle in America (Murphy, 1997). When the first Hmong families arrived in the United States, they did not speak English and â€Å"lacked written language, formal education, financial saving, and support networks. † (Su, Lee, Vang, 2005). In spite of that, they held tight to their Hmong identity and loyalty. To be a Hmong in the eyes of the Hmong community of parents and elders is to be fluent in Hmong, have respect for elders, participate in family celebrations, help each other when needed, and have the will to succeed while maintaining one’s identity (Moore, 2003). Today, 18 different Hmong clan names are still passed down from generation to generation. Hmong clan names are equivalent to American last names. First names identify people and last names identify clans. The 18 clans provide life-time membership and ongoing material and spiritual support to their members from birth to death. Newborns are given the father’s clan name, which they cannot change. For that reason, Hmong women retain their clan name when they get married (Moua, 1995). The foundation of Hmong life is marriage and family (Millett, 2002). An ancient ritual requires the groom to pay â€Å"a bride-price,† a negotiated sum of money paid to the bride’s parents. Hmong newlyweds live with the husband’s parents until they have two or more children. However, Hmong culture expects the last-born married son, his wife, and children to permanently live with, support, and care for his parents and grandparents until their death. Unfortunately, time-honored Hmong traditions are challenged by American culture. For example, there is conflict between Hmong Christians and Hmong Animists. Animists sacrifice animals to worship spirits; they believe â€Å"that all living things have spirits† (Brittan, 1997). Hmong Christians worship God and condemn animal sacrifice. As a result, Christianity altered traditional Hmong rituals and ceremonies. For instance, Christianity eliminated the payment of a bride price and animal sacrifice. It also, eliminated the reciting of lengthy songs paying attribute to ancestors and natural spirits during funerals. These changes and other social and adaptive conflicts continue to cause disagreement and division among some Hmong families, friends, and clans. Once upheld with high respect and status, the Hmong shaman’s role in America has been downgraded.